Attention modulation

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It is known that attention modulates the response of individual neurons in V1, V4, MT, and other visual areas.

According to [1], previous studies have lead to two models of attention :

  • Gain model [2] [3] [4] - attention scales the response in a multiplicative fashion.
  • Competition model [5] [6] [7] [8] - modifies the weight of the inputs from the presynaptic neurons.

According to Thiele et al 2009[9], there are two gain models of attention and an additive model:

  • Response gain model of attention [10][4][11] - the attended response of neuron is a multiplicative increase of the unattended response.
  • Contrast gain model of attention [12][13][14] - attention increases the response of neurons of low-contrast stimuli more than high-contrast stimuli.
  • Additive model of attention - attention adds a fixed amount of excitation to the unattended response after a specific contrast level is reached.

Sundberg et al. [15] argues that attention modulates surround suppression. They suggest attention:

  1. Increases the surround suppression of the area of attention (not to be confused with the area of fixation).
  2. Reduces the surround suppression from areas neighboring the area of attention that would otherwise be decreasing the response of the neurons corresponding to the attention.

[edit] References

  1. ↑ G.M. Ghose; J.H. Maunsell (2008). "Spatial summation can explain the attentional modulation of neuronal responses to multiple stimuli in area V4". J. Neurosci. 28: 5115-5126. 
  2. ↑ Emilio Salinas; L. F. Abbott (1997). "Invariant Visual Responses From Attentional Gain Fields". J Neurophysiol 77 (6): 3267-3272. 
  3. ↑ McAdams, Carrie J.; Maunsell, John H. R. (1999). "Effects of Attention on Orientation-Tuning Functions of Single Neurons in Macaque Cortical Area V4". J. Neurosci. 19 (1): 431-441. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Treue, S; Martinez-Trujillo, JC (1999). "Feature-based attention influences motion processing gain in macaque visual cortex.". Nature: 575-9. PMID 10376597. 
  5. ↑ Moran, J; Desimone, R (1985). "Selective attention gates visual processing in the extrastriate cortex.". Science: 782-784. PMID 4023713. 
  6. ↑ Luck, SJ; Chelazzi, L; Hillyard, SA; Desimone, R (1997). "Neural mechanisms of spatial selective attention in areas V1, V2, and V4 of macaque visual cortex.". J Neurophysiol: 24-42. PMID 9120566. 
  7. ↑ Reynolds, JH; Chelazzi, L; Desimone, R (1999). "Competitive mechanisms subserve attention in macaque areas V2 and V4.". J Neurosci: 1736-53. PMID 10024360. 
  8. ↑ Chelazzi, L; Miller, EK; Duncan, J; Desimone, R (2001). "Responses of neurons in macaque area V4 during memory-guided visual search.". Cereb Cortex: 761-72. PMID 11459766. 
  9. ↑ Thiele, A; Pooresmaeili, A; Delicato, LS; Herrero, JL; Roelfsema, PR (2009). "Additive effects of attention and stimulus contrast in primary visual cortex.". Cereb Cortex: 2970-81. PMID 19372142. 
  10. ↑ Treue, S; Maunsell, JH (1996). "Attentional modulation of visual motion processing in cortical areas MT and MST.". Nature: 539-41. PMID 8700227. 
  11. ↑ McAdams, CJ; Maunsell, JH (2000). "Attention to both space and feature modulates neuronal responses in macaque area V4.". J Neurophysiol: 1751-5. PMID 10712494. 
  12. ↑ Martinez-Trujillo, J; Treue, S (2002). "Attentional modulation strength in cortical area MT depends on stimulus contrast.". Neuron: 365-70. PMID 12160753. 
  13. ↑ Reynolds, JH; Pasternak, T; Desimone, R (2000). "Attention increases sensitivity of V4 neurons.". Neuron: 703-714. PMID 10896165. 
  14. ↑ Treue, S (2004). "Perceptual enhancement of contrast by attention.". Trends Cogn Sci: 435-7. PMID 15450502. 
  15. ↑ Sundberg, Kristy A.; Mitchell, Jude F.; Reynolds, John H. (2009). "Spatial Attention Modulates Center-Surround Interactions in Macaque Visual Area V4". Neuron 61 (6): 952-963. 
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