NeuroCogI final
| Column 1 | Column 2 (memorize)
|
| Notch | Promotes the fate of support cells.
In the Sensory Organ Precursor cells, it promotes IIA; socket / shealth fate. As a receptor, it up-regulates the suppressor of hairless, which up-regulates enhancer of split proteins, which suppresses acheate-scute proteins.
|
| Achaete-scute proteins | Increases delta (transmembrane ligand) signalling. Promotes neuroblast fate.
|
| Enhancer of split proteins | Down-regulates achaete-scute proteins, thus promoting neuronal support fate.
|
| Delta | Ligand for Notch receptor. Induces neuroblast fate.
|
| Numb | In the Sensory Organ Precursor cells, it promotes neuronal fate (through IIB).
|
| Henson's node | The most active point of involution of cells in Mammals, which is at the most anterior edge of the primitive groove.
|
| Dorsal blastopore lip | The most active point of involution in amphibians (also called Spemman organizer region).
|
| Smad1 | Promotes epidermal fate along along with Smad4. Up-regulated with BMP.
|
| Smad4 | Promotes epidermal fate along along with Smad1. Up-regulated with BMP.
|
| Smad7 | Promotes neural fate. Down-regulated with BMP.
|
| BMP4 | Promotes epidermal fate. Binding with BMP receptor causes signaling with Smads that transcribes target genes. Also promotes dorsal fate in neural tube.
|
| Sox genes | Encodes a family of transcription factors.
|
| FGF | Specifies / maintains posterior neural fates (along with Wnt and Nodal).
|
| Wnt | Specifies / maintains posterior neural fates (along with FGF and Nodal).
|
| Nodal | Specifies / maintains posterior neural fates (along with FGF and Wnt).
|
| Isthmic Organizer | It is found in the junction of the mesencephalon and metencephalon. It specifies the Anterior-Posterior axis.
|
| Wnt1 | Expressed by Isthmic organizer and is important for specifying structures caudal to the organizer.
|
| Fgf8 | Expressed by Isthmic organizer and is important for specifying structures rostral to the organizer.
|
| Chordin | Antagonizes BMP4 (along with Noggin and Follistatin).
|
| Noggin | Antagonizes BMP4 (along with Chordin and Follistatin).
|
| Follistatin | Antagonizes BMP4 (along with Chordin and Noggin).
|
| Neurogenin | Enhances NeuroD which promotes neural fate. If you inject neurogenin into the Xenopus neural plate, every cell becomes neuron (instead of the typical 3 strips).
|
| NeuroD | Promotes neural fate.
|
| Lefty | A nodal inhibitor
|
| Hox genes | Encode information along the anteroposterior axis of flies and mammals.
|
| Shh | Sonic hedgehog - promotes ventral fate along the neural tube.
|
| TGFβ | The family in which BMP belongs.
|
| Otx2 | Determines the position of the Isthmic organizer (along with Gbx2)
|
| Gbx2 | Determines the position of the Isthmic organizer (along with Otx2)
|
| Ganglion mother cell | The daughter cell of a neuroblast that divides only once. It gives rise to two neurons. More Numb is in this daughter cell.
|
| Ngn2 | Promotes neuron fate over astrocyte fate in the pluripotent progenitor. Is mainly dorsal in the telencephalon.
|
| Mash1 | Promotes neuron fate over astrocyte fate in the pluripotent progenitor. Is mainly ventral in the telencephalon.
|
| Patched | Is a receptor that inhibits Smoothened if not bound by Shh. When not bound, promotes more dorsal fate in the spinal cord.
|
| Smoothened | Shh expression allows Smoothened expression by blocking Patched. Smoothened activation inhibits the conversion of Gli3 into a Gli3 repressor. This inhibition promotes a more ventral fate in the spinal cord.
|
| Oncegene | A gene that when expressed in high levels or mutated can turn a cell into a tumor cell.
|
| MAPK | a serine/threonine kinase (along with pp90RSK)
|
| pp90RSK | a serine/threonine kinase (along with MAPK)
|
| Akt | a serine/threonine kinase (along with MAPK)
|
| MEK | MAPK kinase
|
| Netrin-1 | Chemoattractive. Required for crossing the midline.
|
| UNC5 | The Netrin-1/UNC6 repulsive receptor.
|
| UNC40 | The Netrin-1/UNC6 attractive receptor. (UNC40/DCC)
|
| Semaphorin | Potent repellents (eg. Sema3A and Collapsin-1).
|
| Neuropilin-1 | The receptor for the semaphorin Sema3A.
|
| CAMs | Cell adhesion molecules. Act as contact-mediated cues.
|
| Robo-1 | A receptor that is repelled by Slit (when NOT bound with Robo-3).
|
| Slit | A chemorepellent that prevents axons from recrossing the midline.
|
| Cdk5 | A molecule important for the dispersal of AChr from extrasynaptic sites during synaptogenesis.
|
