Neuroscience and Cognition Lectures
From neurov.is/on
[edit] 2009-2010 Course
- NeuroCogI Midterm
- NeuroCogI Final
- NeuroCogII Midterm
- NeuroCogII Final
[edit] Flash cards for NeuroCogI final
| Column 1 | Column 2 (memorize) |
|---|---|
| Notch | Promotes the fate of support cells.
In the Sensory Organ Precursor cells, it promotes IIA; socket / shealth fate. As a receptor, it up-regulates the suppressor of hairless, which up-regulates enhancer of split proteins, which suppresses acheate-scute proteins. |
| Achaete-scute proteins | Increases delta (transmembrane ligand) signalling. Promotes neuroblast fate. |
| Enhancer of split proteins | Down-regulates achaete-scute proteins, thus promoting neuronal support fate. |
| Delta | Ligand for Notch receptor. Induces neuroblast fate. |
| Numb | In the Sensory Organ Precursor cells, it promotes neuronal fate (through IIB). |
| Henson's node | The most active point of involution of cells in Mammals, which is at the most anterior edge of the primitive groove. |
| Dorsal blastopore lip | The most active point of involution in amphibians (also called Spemman organizer region). |
| Smad1 | Promotes epidermal fate along along with Smad4. Up-regulated with BMP. |
| Smad4 | Promotes epidermal fate along along with Smad1. Up-regulated with BMP. |
| Smad7 | Promotes neural fate. Down-regulated with BMP. |
| BMP4 | Promotes epidermal fate. Binding with BMP receptor causes signaling with Smads that transcribes target genes. Also promotes dorsal fate in neural tube. |
| Sox genes | Encodes a family of transcription factors. |
| FGF | Specifies / maintains posterior neural fates (along with Wnt and Nodal). |
| Wnt | Specifies / maintains posterior neural fates (along with FGF and Nodal). |
| Nodal | Specifies / maintains posterior neural fates (along with FGF and Wnt). |
| Isthmic Organizer | It is found in the junction of the mesencephalon and metencephalon. It specifies the Anterior-Posterior axis. |
| Wnt1 | Expressed by Isthmic organizer and is important for specifying structures caudal to the organizer. |
| Fgf8 | Expressed by Isthmic organizer and is important for specifying structures rostral to the organizer. |
| Chordin | Antagonizes BMP4 (along with Noggin and Follistatin). |
| Noggin | Antagonizes BMP4 (along with Chordin and Follistatin). |
| Follistatin | Antagonizes BMP4 (along with Chordin and Noggin). |
| Neurogenin | Enhances NeuroD which promotes neural fate. If you inject neurogenin into the Xenopus neural plate, every cell becomes neuron (instead of the typical 3 strips). |
| NeuroD | Promotes neural fate. |
| Lefty | A nodal inhibitor |
| Hox genes | Encode information along the anteroposterior axis of flies and mammals. |
| Shh | Sonic hedgehog - promotes ventral fate along the neural tube. |
| TGFβ | The family in which BMP belongs. |
| Otx2 | Determines the position of the Isthmic organizer (along with Gbx2) |
| Gbx2 | Determines the position of the Isthmic organizer (along with Otx2) |
| Ganglion mother cell | The daughter cell of a neuroblast that divides only once. It gives rise to two neurons. More Numb is in this daughter cell. |
| Ngn2 | Promotes neuron fate over astrocyte fate in the pluripotent progenitor. Is mainly dorsal in the telencephalon. |
| Mash1 | Promotes neuron fate over astrocyte fate in the pluripotent progenitor. Is mainly ventral in the telencephalon. |
| Patched | Is a receptor that inhibits Smoothened if not bound by Shh. When not bound, promotes more dorsal fate in the spinal cord. |
| Smoothened | Shh expression allows Smoothened expression by blocking Patched. Smoothened activation inhibits the conversion of Gli3 into a Gli3 repressor. This inhibition promotes a more ventral fate in the spinal cord. |
| Oncegene | A gene that when expressed in high levels or mutated can turn a cell into a tumor cell. |
| MAPK | a serine/threonine kinase (along with pp90RSK) |
| pp90RSK | a serine/threonine kinase (along with MAPK) |
| Akt | a serine/threonine kinase (along with MAPK) |
| MEK | MAPK kinase |
| Netrin-1 | Chemoattractive. Required for crossing the midline. |
| UNC5 | The Netrin-1/UNC6 repulsive receptor. |
| UNC40 | The Netrin-1/UNC6 attractive receptor. (UNC40/DCC) |
| Semaphorin | Potent repellents (eg. Sema3A and Collapsin-1). |
| Neuropilin-1 | The receptor for the semaphorin Sema3A. |
| CAMs | Cell adhesion molecules. Act as contact-mediated cues. |
| Robo-1 | A receptor that is repelled by Slit (when NOT bound with Robo-3). |
| Slit | A chemorepellent that prevents axons from recrossing the midline. |
| Cdk5 | A molecule important for the dispersal of AChr from extrasynaptic sites during synaptogenesis. |
